Zakat, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is a mandatory form of charity that Muslims are required to pay under specific conditions. The obligation to pay Zakat is based on individual financial capability and is intended to purify wealth while promoting social equity within the community.

1. Muslim Status
To be required to pay Zakat, an individual must be a practicing Muslim. Non-Muslims are not obligated to pay Zakat; however, they are encouraged to engage in acts of charity according to their beliefs.

2. Nisab Threshold
Zakat is only obligatory for those whose wealth exceeds a certain threshold known as nisab. This threshold is often determined based on the value of 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver, and it may vary with market prices. If a person’s wealth, which includes savings, investments, business income, and certain possessions, surpasses the nisab, they are required to pay Zakat.

3. Ownership of Wealth
Individuals must have full ownership of their wealth for it to be subject to Zakat. This includes assets that have been in their possession for a lunar year (Hawl). Items such as personal belongings, houses, and vehicles used for personal or family purposes are typically not included when calculating Zakat obligations.

4. Age and Mental Capacity
Zakat is required from adult Muslims who have reached the age of maturity, typically around puberty. Mentally capable individuals who can comprehend their financial responsibilities are also expected to fulfill their Zakat obligations.

5. Calculation and Payment
Once the conditions are met, Muslims must calculate their Zakat, which is generally 2.5% of their qualifying wealth. Zakat should ideally be paid annually, and it can be distributed directly to eligible recipients, such as the poor, or through charitable organizations.

In summary, Muslims who meet the criteria of being of sound mind, reaching the age of maturity, possessing wealth exceeding the nisab threshold, and owning their assets are required to pay Zakat, thereby fulfilling a fundamental obligation in Islam.