Fasting during Ramadan is governed by specific rules that outline how Muslims should observe this sacred month. These guidelines ensure that the fast is meaningful and adheres to Islamic teachings, fostering a spirit of discipline and devotion.

1. Intention (Niyyah)
Before the fast begins, Muslims must make a sincere intention (niyyah) to fast for the sake of Allah. This intention does not need to be verbalized but should be present in one’s heart. It is important to renew this intention each day of Ramadan, as fasting without it may not be valid.

2. Timing of the Fast
Fasting starts at dawn (Fajr) and ends at sunset (Maghrib). Muslims must stop eating and drinking before the Fajr prayer and can break their fast only after hearing the call to prayer at Maghrib. Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, is highly encouraged to sustain individuals throughout the day.

3. Prohibited Actions
During fasting hours, Muslims must abstain from food, drink, smoking, and marital relations. Additionally, they should avoid negative behaviors such as lying, gossiping, and arguing, as these actions undermine the spiritual objectives of fasting.

4. Exceptions to Fasting
Certain groups are exempt from fasting, including the sick, elderly, pregnant or breastfeeding women, travelers, and those menstruating. Those unable to fast due to illness or other valid reasons can make up the missed days later or provide compensation (fidya) by feeding the poor.

5. Breaking the Fast
Muslims traditionally break their fast with dates and water, following the example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). After breaking the fast, they perform the Maghrib prayer before enjoying a meal.

By adhering to these rules, Muslims can experience Ramadan's spiritual benefits while fostering a greater sense of community and compassion.